Study of Utilization of Fermented Rice Husk and Moringa oleifera Leaves as Bali Laying Duck Feed

                                                                                 Study of Utilization of Fermented Rice Husk and Moringa oleifera Leaves as Bali Laying Duck Feed

        This book is the result of research funded by the Udayana Flagship DIPA fund, Fiscal Year 2019. To increase the productivity of livestock products, relatively high feed costs need to be around 85%. However, crude fiber content is relatively high at 35% and difficult to digest by livestock, especially in non-ruminant animals or poultry, and its digestibility is relatively low, so management needs to be carried out with fermentation technology with starbio and pignox probiotics. Starbio Probiotics contain multienzymes that will be able to digest crude fiber. However in terms of nutrient rice husk is very poor in nutrients, it needs to be supplemented with feed additives such as Moringa leaves or other leaves. Moringa leaves contain vitamins, minerals, essential and non-essential amino acids which are very necessary for livestock life, especially the presence of flavonoid compounds which are very necessary to neutralize free radicals and help the metabolic process, and help in the digestive process and will affect the appearance of better on livestock. The resulting product is healthier and has no negative effect on consumer health. Supplementation that contains antioxidant substances will positively influence the quality of the eggs or duck meat. Therefore, in the rice husk ration and moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) supplemented by Starpig is associated with the appearance of production and quality of eggs or meat in Bali ducks.

            This book discusses those related to the use of agricultural or plantation waste, for example rice husks supplemented by Starbio and Pignox (Starpig). Rice husk contains high crude fiber fermented by Stario as a source of microbes that helps in the digestion process, so that the nutritional value of rice husk can be increased. Partama et. al., (2017) reported that rice husk fermentation with Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) solution can increase the nutritional value of rice husk, protein content from 4.66% to, crude fiber, from 43.59% to 21.01% , fat fat, from 1.99%, and gross energy, from 2,763kcal / g to 3,149kka / g. Then equipped with Pignox. Pignox as a feed additive which contains a source of vitamins, minerals, methionine and BHT as antioxidants which is very useful for neutralizing free radicals and beneficial for maintaining animal health. Moringa oleifera leaves contain protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids and antioxidants which are very useful for the growth and production of livestock. Yadnya and Trisnadewi (2009) reported that the provision of chopped sago ration (Metroxylon sago rottb) supplemented by Starpig can increase egg production and improve egg quality. Utilization of Multienzim fermented rice husk supplemented with Noni leaves (Morinda ctrifolia, L) can improve egg production and lipid profile of Bali duck eggs (Yadnya et. Al., 2017). Yadnya et.al., (2018) has tried the provision of rice husks fermented with lactobacillus complex bacteria supplemented with betel leaves (Piper beetle, L) in the ration can improve the appearance, production and quality of eggs. Yadnya et.al., (2017), has tried the provision of urea amoniated rice husk and bacterial biofermentation of Lactobacillus complex supplemented with betel leaf (Piper beetle, L) can increase the antioxidant capacity of rations, improve the efficiency of ration use, lipid profile, sugar and uric acid Besides that, it can also increase antioxidant capacity followed by an increase in Superoxide Dismutase and decreased Malon Dialdehyde blood. Sad et al., (2018) found that administration of amoniated rice husk and lactobacillus complex bacteria can improve the appearance, and also improve antioxidant capacity. and increased Superoxide Dismutase, and decreased Malon Dialdehyde (MDA) meat. Besides that, the provision of fermented rice husk supplemented with betel leaf can increase egg production and improve egg nutrition content. The provision of rations containing Moringa oleifera leaves in the rice husk ration supplemented with Starpig can increase the consumption of antioxidant ration, production and quality of Bali duck eggs (Trisnadewi et.al., (2019).

          The writing of this book is nothing to inspire researchers to write related to the utilization of agricultural or agro-industrial wastes by the use of probiotic substances, enzymes, or microbes (Bidura et al., 2007), which can participate in the fermentation process, so that several materials are produced alternative rations that are very important in increasing livestock productivity.